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  <ul>
    <li><a href="#前言">前言</a></li>
    <li><a href="#1清理cache">1、清理cache</a></li>
    <li><a href="#2crontab定时任务取值范围">2、crontab定时任务取值范围</a>
      <ul>
        <li><a href="#前面五个号代表五个数字数字的取值范围和含义如下">前面五个*号代表五个数字，数字的取值范围和含义如下：</a></li>
      </ul>
    </li>
    <li><a href="#3删除乱码文件">3、删除乱码文件</a>
      <ul>
        <li><a href="#31-linux下删除乱码文件名">3.1 linux下删除乱码文件名</a></li>
        <li><a href="#32-批量删除">3.2 批量删除</a></li>
      </ul>
    </li>
    <li><a href="#4shell中参数含义">4、shell中$参数含义</a></li>
    <li><a href="#5查找">5、查找</a>
      <ul>
        <li><a href="#51-查找某类型文件下包含的字符块">5.1 查找某类型文件下包含的字符块</a></li>
        <li><a href="#52-查找文件名称">5.2 查找文件名称</a></li>
      </ul>
    </li>
    <li><a href="#6linux系统的timezone">6、linux系统的TimeZone</a></li>
    <li><a href="#7调整文件句柄数">7、调整文件句柄数</a>
      <ul>
        <li><a href="#71-查看进程开发的文件句柄数量">7.1 查看进程开发的文件句柄数量</a></li>
        <li><a href="#72-修改系统的文件句柄数">7.2 修改系统的文件句柄数</a></li>
        <li><a href="#73-修改系统内核参数">7.3 修改系统内核参数</a></li>
      </ul>
    </li>
    <li><a href="#8监控参数">8、监控参数</a></li>
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    <article class="post">
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            <h1 class="post-title">linux日常小细节注意说明</h1>
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        <date class="post-meta meta-date">
            2017年6月7日
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            <span>|</span>
            
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                <a href='/categories/shell' target="_blank">shell</a>
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                <a href='/categories/linux' target="_blank">linux</a>
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            <h2 id="前言">前言</h2>
<p>一些 linux 和 shell 的小细节记录</p>
<h2 id="1清理cache">1、清理cache</h2>
<div class="highlight"><div style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;">
<table style="border-spacing:0;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;"><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;">
<pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">1
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">2
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">3
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">4
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">5
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">6
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">7
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">8
</span></code></pre></td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;;width:100%">
<pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>仅清除页面缓存（PageCache）
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>sync; <span style="color:#0086b3">echo</span> <span style="color:#099">1</span> &gt; /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>清除目录项和inode
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>sync; <span style="color:#0086b3">echo</span> <span style="color:#099">2</span> &gt; /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>清除页面缓存，目录项和inode
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>sync; <span style="color:#0086b3">echo</span> <span style="color:#099">3</span> &gt; /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h2 id="2crontab定时任务取值范围">2、crontab定时任务取值范围</h2>
<p>文件/etc/crontab中每行任务的描述格式如下:</p>
<div class="highlight"><div style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;">
<table style="border-spacing:0;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;"><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;">
<pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">1
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">2
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">3
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">4
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">5
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">6
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">7
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">8
</span></code></pre></td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;;width:100%">
<pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>minute hour day month dayofweek <span style="color:#0086b3">command</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>minute - 从0到59的整数 
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>hour - 从0到23的整数 
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>day - 从1到31的整数 <span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">(</span>必须是指定月份的有效日期<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>month - 从1到12的整数 <span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">(</span>或如Jan或Feb简写的月份<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>dayofweek - 从0到7的整数，0或7用来描述周日 <span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">(</span>或用Sun或Mon简写来表示<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#0086b3">command</span> - 需要执行的命令<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">(</span>可用as ls /proc &gt;&gt; /tmp/proc或 执行自定义脚本的命令<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h3 id="前面五个号代表五个数字数字的取值范围和含义如下">前面五个*号代表五个数字，数字的取值范围和含义如下：</h3>
<p>分钟 (0-59)<br>
小時(0-23)<br>
日期(1-31)<br>
月份(1-12)<br>
星期(0-6) //0代表星期天</p>
<h2 id="3删除乱码文件">3、删除乱码文件</h2>
<h3 id="31-linux下删除乱码文件名">3.1 linux下删除乱码文件名</h3>
<div class="highlight"><div style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;">
<table style="border-spacing:0;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;"><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;">
<pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">1
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">2
</span></code></pre></td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;;width:100%">
<pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>1. ls -i 列出文件的节点ID, 如: <span style="color:#099">123456789</span> 
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>2. find ./ -inum <span style="color:#099">123456789</span> -print -exec rm -rf <span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">{}</span> <span style="color:#d14">\;</span> 
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h3 id="32-批量删除">3.2 批量删除</h3>
<div class="highlight"><div style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;">
<table style="border-spacing:0;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;"><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;">
<pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">1
</span></code></pre></td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;;width:100%">
<pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">for</span> n in <span style="color:#099">123456789</span> 987654321; <span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">do</span> find . -inum <span style="color:#008080">$n</span> -exec rm -f <span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">{}</span> <span style="color:#d14">\;</span> <span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">done</span> 
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h2 id="4shell中参数含义">4、shell中$参数含义</h2>
<div class="highlight"><div style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;">
<table style="border-spacing:0;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;"><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;">
<pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">1
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">2
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">3
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">4
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">5
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">6
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">7
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">8
</span></code></pre></td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;;width:100%">
<pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#008080">$#</span> 是传给脚本的参数个数
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#008080">$0</span> 是脚本本身的名字
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#008080">$1</span> 是传递给该shell脚本的第一个参数
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#008080">$2</span> 是传递给该shell脚本的第二个参数
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#008080">$@</span> 是传给脚本的所有参数的列表
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#008080">$*</span> 是以一个单字符串显示所有向脚本传递的参数，与位置变量不同，参数可超过9个
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#008080">$$</span> 是脚本运行的当前进程ID号
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#008080">$?</span> 是显示最后命令的退出状态，0表示没有错误，其他表示有错误
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h2 id="5查找">5、查找</h2>
<h3 id="51-查找某类型文件下包含的字符块">5.1 查找某类型文件下包含的字符块</h3>
<div class="highlight"><div style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;">
<table style="border-spacing:0;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;"><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;">
<pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">1
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">2
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">3
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">4
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">5
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">6
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">7
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">8
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">9
</span></code></pre></td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;;width:100%">
<pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">[</span>root@qm app<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">]</span><span style="color:#998;font-style:italic"># grep loading.gif  ./css/*.css</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>./css/index.css:.d-loading <span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">{</span> height:32px; text-align:left; text-indent:-999em; overflow:hidden; background:url<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">(</span>http://img1.qmsdstatic.com/mres/res/base/images/loading.gif<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> no-repeat center center; <span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">}</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>./css/index.css:.loading <span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">{</span>   width:100%;    height:56px;    position: fixed;    top:50%;  text-indent: 0px;       line-height:56px;    color:#fff;    padding-left:60px;    font-size:15px;    background: <span style="color:#998;font-style:italic">#000 url(http://img1.qmsdstatic.com/mres/res/base/images/loading.gif) no-repeat 40% 50%;  text-align: center;   opacity: 0.7;    z-index:9999;    -moz-border-radius:20px;    -webkit-border-radius:20px;    border-radius:20px;    filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(opacity=70);  }</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>./css/index.css:.lazy <span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">{</span> background: url<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">(</span><span style="color:#d14">&#34;http://img1.qmsdstatic.com/mres/res/base/images/loading.gif&#34;</span><span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> no-repeat center center; display: block;<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">}</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">[</span>root@qm app<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">]</span><span style="color:#998;font-style:italic"># </span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h3 id="52-查找文件名称">5.2 查找文件名称</h3>
<pre tabindex="0"><code>find ./ -name &#34;loading.gif&#34;
</code></pre><h2 id="6linux系统的timezone">6、linux系统的TimeZone</h2>
<p>使用Centos，遇到本地时间对不上，直接敲命令：date -s &ldquo;2014-12-25 15:15:15&quot;是立即生效了，但是重启后，系统时间还是原来的。
后面经过查找资料，做个小结.<br>
我的Centos是安装在虚拟机上。在虚拟机有分系统时间和硬件时间。修改了其一是没有办法奏效，必须两者都更改。</p>
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<pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>1.date <span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">{</span>查看目前本地的时间<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">}</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>2.hwclock --show <span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">{</span>查看硬件的时间<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">}</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>3.如果硬件的时间是对不上，那就对硬件的时间进行修改、
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>4.hwclock --set --date <span style="color:#d14">&#39;014-12-15 15:15:15&#39;</span> <span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">{</span>设置硬件时间<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">}</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>5.hwclock --hctosys <span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">{</span>设置系统时间和硬件时间同步<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">}</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>6.clock -w <span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">{</span>保存时钟<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><p>7.最后在通过重启，init 6 快速重启后，查看系统时间是否真正生效！！！！</p>
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<pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">[</span>root@qm-wap1 ~<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">]</span><span style="color:#998;font-style:italic"># tzselect </span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Please identify a location so that <span style="color:#0086b3">time</span> zone rules can be <span style="color:#0086b3">set</span> correctly.
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Please <span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">select</span> a continent or ocean.
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> 1<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Africa
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> 2<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Americas
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> 3<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Antarctica
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> 4<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Arctic Ocean
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> 5<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Asia
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> 6<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Atlantic Ocean
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> 7<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Australia
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> 8<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Europe
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> 9<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Indian Ocean
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>10<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Pacific Ocean
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>11<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> none - I want to specify the <span style="color:#0086b3">time</span> zone using the Posix TZ format.
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#998;font-style:italic">#? 5</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Please <span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">select</span> a country.
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> 1<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Afghanistan          18<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Israel            35<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Palestine
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> 2<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Armenia          19<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Japan            36<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Philippines
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> 3<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Azerbaijan          20<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Jordan            37<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Qatar
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> 4<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Bahrain          21<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Kazakhstan        38<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Russia
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> 5<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Bangladesh          22<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Korea <span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">(</span>North<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span>        39<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Saudi Arabia
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> 6<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Bhutan          23<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Korea <span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">(</span>South<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span>        40<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Singapore
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> 7<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Brunei          24<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Kuwait            41<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Sri Lanka
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> 8<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Cambodia          25<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Kyrgyzstan        42<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Syria
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> 9<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> China          26<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Laos            43<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Taiwan
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>10<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Cyprus          27<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Lebanon            44<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Tajikistan
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>11<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> East Timor          28<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Macau            45<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Thailand
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>12<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Georgia          29<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Malaysia            46<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Turkmenistan
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>13<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Hong Kong          30<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Mongolia            47<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> United Arab Emirates
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>14<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> India          31<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Myanmar <span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">(</span>Burma<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span>        48<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Uzbekistan
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>15<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Indonesia          32<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Nepal            49<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Vietnam
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>16<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Iran          33<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Oman            50<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Yemen
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>17<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Iraq          34<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Pakistan
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#998;font-style:italic">#? 9</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Please <span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">select</span> one of the following <span style="color:#0086b3">time</span> zone regions.
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>1<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Beijing Time
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>2<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Xinjiang Time
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#998;font-style:italic">#? 1</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>The following information has been given:
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>    China
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>    Beijing Time
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Therefore <span style="color:#008080">TZ</span><span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">=</span><span style="color:#d14">&#39;Asia/Shanghai&#39;</span> will be used.
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Local <span style="color:#0086b3">time</span> is now:    Thu Oct <span style="color:#099">20</span> 20:34:58 CST 2016.
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Universal Time is now:    Thu Oct <span style="color:#099">20</span> 12:34:58 UTC 2016.
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Is the above information OK?
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>1<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> Yes
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>2<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span> No
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#998;font-style:italic">#? 1</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>You can make this change permanent <span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">for</span> yourself by appending the line
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>    <span style="color:#008080">TZ</span><span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">=</span><span style="color:#d14">&#39;Asia/Shanghai&#39;</span>; <span style="color:#0086b3">export</span> TZ
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>to the file <span style="color:#d14">&#39;.profile&#39;</span> in your home directory; <span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">then</span> log out and log in again.
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Here is that TZ value again, this <span style="color:#0086b3">time</span> on standard output so that you
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>can use the /usr/bin/tzselect <span style="color:#0086b3">command</span> in shell scripts:
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Asia/Shanghai
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">[</span>root@qm-wap1 ~<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">]</span><span style="color:#998;font-style:italic"># </span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">[</span>root@qm-wap1 ~<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">]</span><span style="color:#998;font-style:italic"># vi /etc/profile    增加    export TZ=&#39;Asia/Shanghai&#39; </span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">[</span>root@qm-wap1 ~<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">]</span><span style="color:#998;font-style:italic"># date -R Thu, 20 Oct 2016 12:41:17 +0000</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">[</span>root@qm-wap1 ~<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">]</span><span style="color:#998;font-style:italic"># . /etc/profile    使环境变量生效</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">[</span>root@qm-wap1 ~<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">]</span><span style="color:#998;font-style:italic"># date -R Thu, 20 Oct 2016 20:41:35 +0800</span>
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h2 id="7调整文件句柄数">7、调整文件句柄数</h2>
<h3 id="71-查看进程开发的文件句柄数量">7.1 查看进程开发的文件句柄数量</h3>
<div class="highlight"><div style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;">
<table style="border-spacing:0;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;"><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;">
<pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">1
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">2
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">3
</span></code></pre></td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;;width:100%">
<pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>lsof -n | awk <span style="color:#d14">&#39;{print $2}&#39;</span> | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr | more
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>ps -aef | grep 进程号
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h3 id="72-修改系统的文件句柄数">7.2 修改系统的文件句柄数</h3>
<div class="highlight"><div style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;">
<table style="border-spacing:0;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;"><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;">
<pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">1
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">2
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">3
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">4
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">5
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">6
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">7
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">8
</span></code></pre></td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;;width:100%">
<pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>root登录服务器
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>vi /etc/security/limits.conf
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>* hard nofile <span style="color:#099">65535</span> 或 * - nofile <span style="color:#099">65535</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>vi .profile  添加 <span style="color:#0086b3">ulimit</span> -n <span style="color:#099">65535</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>. ~/.profile
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h3 id="73-修改系统内核参数">7.3 修改系统内核参数</h3>
<p>linux TIME_WAIT过多的解决方法</p>
<div class="highlight"><div style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;">
<table style="border-spacing:0;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;"><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;">
<pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f"> 1
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f"> 2
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f"> 3
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f"> 4
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f"> 5
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f"> 6
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f"> 7
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f"> 8
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f"> 9
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">10
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">11
</span></code></pre></td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;;width:100%">
<pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span>查看TCP状态：netstat -n | awk <span style="color:#d14">&#39;/^tcp/ {++S[$NF]} END {for(a in S) print a, S[a]}&#39;</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>查看SOCKET状态：cat /proc/net/sockstat
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>TIME_WAIT状态的socket一般需要等到2msl时间后，socket才会被回收。
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>修改<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">(</span>添加<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span>系统内核参数:/etc/sysctl.conf
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#998;font-style:italic">#改系統默认的TIMEOUT时间</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">=</span><span style="color:#099">2</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#998;font-style:italic">#启重用,允许将TIME-WAIT sockets重新用于新的TCP连接 默认为0表示关闭</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">=</span><span style="color:#099">1</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#998;font-style:italic">#开启TCP连接中TIME-WAIT sockets的快速回收 默认为0 表示关闭</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">=</span><span style="color:#099">1</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>使新增参数生效：sysctl -p
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h2 id="8监控参数">8、监控参数</h2>
<div class="highlight"><div style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;">
<table style="border-spacing:0;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;"><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;">
<pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f"> 1
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f"> 2
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f"> 3
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f"> 4
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f"> 5
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f"> 6
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f"> 7
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f"> 8
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f"> 9
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">10
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">11
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">12
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">13
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">14
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">15
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">16
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">17
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">18
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">19
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">20
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">21
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">22
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">23
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">24
</span><span style="white-space:pre;user-select:none;margin-right:0.4em;padding:0 0.4em 0 0.4em;color:#7f7f7f">25
</span></code></pre></td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;padding:0;margin:0;border:0;;width:100%">
<pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">[</span>root@qm ~<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">]</span><span style="color:#998;font-style:italic"># vmstat 2 10</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu-----
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> r  b   swpd   free   buff  cache   si   so    bi    bo   in   cs us sy id wa st
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#099">2</span>  <span style="color:#099">0</span> <span style="color:#099">258952</span> <span style="color:#099">17992080</span> <span style="color:#099">309016</span> <span style="color:#099">8748008</span>    <span style="color:#099">0</span>    <span style="color:#099">0</span>     <span style="color:#099">5</span>     <span style="color:#099">3</span>    <span style="color:#099">0</span>    <span style="color:#099">0</span>  <span style="color:#099">1</span>  <span style="color:#099">0</span> <span style="color:#099">99</span>  <span style="color:#099">0</span>  <span style="color:#099">0</span>    
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#099">3</span>  <span style="color:#099">0</span> <span style="color:#099">258952</span> <span style="color:#099">17992072</span> <span style="color:#099">309016</span> <span style="color:#099">8747976</span>    <span style="color:#099">0</span>    <span style="color:#099">0</span>     <span style="color:#099">0</span>    <span style="color:#099">26</span> <span style="color:#099">2895</span>  <span style="color:#099">710</span> <span style="color:#099">17</span>  <span style="color:#099">0</span> <span style="color:#099">83</span>  <span style="color:#099">0</span>  <span style="color:#099">0</span>    
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#099">2</span>  <span style="color:#099">0</span> <span style="color:#099">258952</span> <span style="color:#099">17992196</span> <span style="color:#099">309016</span> <span style="color:#099">8747976</span>    <span style="color:#099">0</span>    <span style="color:#099">0</span>     <span style="color:#099">0</span>     <span style="color:#099">0</span> <span style="color:#099">2481</span>  <span style="color:#099">598</span> <span style="color:#099">17</span>  <span style="color:#099">0</span> <span style="color:#099">83</span>  <span style="color:#099">0</span>  <span style="color:#099">0</span>    
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#099">2</span>  <span style="color:#099">0</span> <span style="color:#099">258952</span> <span style="color:#099">17991824</span> <span style="color:#099">309016</span> <span style="color:#099">8747976</span>    <span style="color:#099">0</span>    <span style="color:#099">0</span>     <span style="color:#099">0</span>    <span style="color:#099">18</span> <span style="color:#099">2916</span>  <span style="color:#099">684</span> <span style="color:#099">18</span>  <span style="color:#099">0</span> <span style="color:#099">81</span>  <span style="color:#099">0</span>  <span style="color:#099">0</span>    
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#099">2</span>  <span style="color:#099">0</span> <span style="color:#099">258952</span> <span style="color:#099">17992196</span> <span style="color:#099">309016</span> <span style="color:#099">8747976</span>    <span style="color:#099">0</span>    <span style="color:#099">0</span>     <span style="color:#099">0</span>   <span style="color:#099">132</span> <span style="color:#099">2989</span>  <span style="color:#099">731</span> <span style="color:#099">19</span>  <span style="color:#099">0</span> <span style="color:#099">80</span>  <span style="color:#099">1</span>  <span style="color:#099">0</span>    
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#099">3</span>  <span style="color:#099">0</span> <span style="color:#099">258952</span> <span style="color:#099">17991948</span> <span style="color:#099">309016</span> <span style="color:#099">8747980</span>    <span style="color:#099">0</span>    <span style="color:#099">0</span>     <span style="color:#099">0</span>    <span style="color:#099">10</span> <span style="color:#099">3630</span>  <span style="color:#099">905</span> <span style="color:#099">22</span>  <span style="color:#099">0</span> <span style="color:#099">78</span>  <span style="color:#099">0</span>  <span style="color:#099">0</span>    
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#099">3</span>  <span style="color:#099">0</span> <span style="color:#099">258952</span> <span style="color:#099">17991700</span> <span style="color:#099">309016</span> <span style="color:#099">8747980</span>    <span style="color:#099">0</span>    <span style="color:#099">0</span>     <span style="color:#099">0</span>    <span style="color:#099">38</span> <span style="color:#099">3170</span>  <span style="color:#099">796</span> <span style="color:#099">21</span>  <span style="color:#099">0</span> <span style="color:#099">78</span>  <span style="color:#099">0</span>  <span style="color:#099">0</span>    
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#099">2</span>  <span style="color:#099">0</span> <span style="color:#099">258952</span> <span style="color:#099">17991204</span> <span style="color:#099">309016</span> <span style="color:#099">8747948</span>    <span style="color:#099">0</span>    <span style="color:#099">0</span>     <span style="color:#099">0</span>   <span style="color:#099">364</span> <span style="color:#099">2576</span>  <span style="color:#099">685</span> <span style="color:#099">17</span>  <span style="color:#099">0</span> <span style="color:#099">82</span>  <span style="color:#099">1</span>  <span style="color:#099">0</span>    
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#099">2</span>  <span style="color:#099">0</span> <span style="color:#099">258952</span> <span style="color:#099">17991204</span> <span style="color:#099">309016</span> <span style="color:#099">8747948</span>    <span style="color:#099">0</span>    <span style="color:#099">0</span>     <span style="color:#099">0</span>    <span style="color:#099">16</span> <span style="color:#099">2939</span>  <span style="color:#099">647</span> <span style="color:#099">17</span>  <span style="color:#099">0</span> <span style="color:#099">83</span>  <span style="color:#099">0</span>  <span style="color:#099">0</span>    
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#099">3</span>  <span style="color:#099">0</span> <span style="color:#099">258952</span> <span style="color:#099">17991328</span> <span style="color:#099">309016</span> <span style="color:#099">8747948</span>    <span style="color:#099">0</span>    <span style="color:#099">0</span>     <span style="color:#099">0</span>     <span style="color:#099">0</span> <span style="color:#099">2768</span>  <span style="color:#099">651</span> <span style="color:#099">17</span>  <span style="color:#099">0</span> <span style="color:#099">83</span>  <span style="color:#099">0</span>  <span style="color:#099">0</span>    
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">[</span>root@qm ~<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">]</span><span style="color:#998;font-style:italic">#  iostat</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Linux 2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64 <span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">(</span>qm.web10<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span>     2016年04月26日     _x86_64_    <span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">(</span><span style="color:#099">12</span> CPU<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">)</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>avg-cpu:  %user   %nice %system %iowait  %steal   %idle
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>           0.91    0.00    0.03    0.06    0.00   99.00
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Device:            tps   Blk_read/s   Blk_wrtn/s   Blk_read   Blk_wrtn
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>sda               2.51       122.19        72.73 <span style="color:#099">7081933849</span> <span style="color:#099">4215403284</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>dm-0              0.58         1.76         4.39  <span style="color:#099">101952970</span>  <span style="color:#099">254331472</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>dm-1              7.14       120.27        68.10 <span style="color:#099">6970687410</span> <span style="color:#099">3946930248</span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>可以用iostat/iotop查看具体的io状况
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table>
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        <li style="word-break:break-all"><strong>原文链接：</strong><a href="https://anttu.gitee.io/post/2017-06-07-shell_use/">https://anttu.gitee.io/post/2017-06-07-shell_use/</a></li>
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